新手LAMP 搭建过程-少量问题求解

新手想学习网站的搭建与管理，刚接触LAMP ，没有经验。
页面较长，所以先把问题放在这：

1  ZendOptimizer安装时会提示优化功能不支持当前php版本（PHP5.3.1），这样的话不安装ZendOptimizer行不行？
2 系统方面，我安装过 mysql admin 后，系统的一些程序不能运行了，如 软件中心、软件源、更新管理器、输入法管理器等，有什么办法可以解决？

参照网上的教程尝试着自己安装了一下，系统是新装的Ubuntu9.10 ，除了改过系统语言环境，没怎么配置其他的软件。非 root 用户，所有安装文件的压缩包都在主文件夹，下面的流程基本照搬网上的某教程，某些命令对照自己的情况做了修改，shell>代表默认的命令提示符，加＃的命令和步骤是我跳过的和目前还没做的，注释中自己加上的话为方便区分，都带了括号。废话不多说了，下面是我的安装流程和一些问题：

1. 流程部分
   
2. #########################################################################
   
3. 下面是所需要的软件:apache,php,mysql,ZendOptimizer
   
4. http://www.apache.org
   
5. http://www.php.net
   
6. http://www.mysql.com
   
7. http://www.zend.com
   
8. 
   
9. 下面是这是安装GD时所需要的软件
   
10. http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
    
11. http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
    
12. http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/libpng/libpng-1.2.8-config.tar.gz?download
    
13. http://easynews.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/freetype/freetype-2.1.3.tar.bz2
    
14. http://telia.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/freetype/freetype-2.1.3.tar.bz2
    
15. #########################################################################
    
16. 
    
17. 先安装make gcc g++
    
18. shell>sudo apt-get install build-essential
    
19. 
    
20. 1.apache
    
21. 
    
22. shell>tar -zxf httpd-2.2.14.tar.gz
    
23. shell>cd httpd-2.2.14
    
24. shell>./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-modules=most --enable-so --enable-rewrite
    
25. shell>make
    
26. shell>sudo make install
    
27. 
    
28. #shell>sudo /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
    
29. 
    
30. 
    
31. 2.freetype
    
32. 
    
33. shell>cd
    
34. shell>tar -xjf freetype-2.3.5.tar.bz2
    
35. shell>cd freetype-2.3.5
    
36. shell>./configure
    
37. shell>make
    
38. shell>sudo make install
    
39. 
    
40. 3.jpeg
    
41. 
    
42. shell>cd
    
43. shell>tar -zxf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
    
44. shell>cd jpeg-6b
    
45. shell>sudo mkdir /usr/local/man
    
46. shell>sudo mkdir /usr/local/man/man1
    
47. shell>./configure --enable-shared --enable-static
    
48. shell>make
    
49. shell>sudo make install
    
50. 
    
51. 4.zlib
    
52. 
    
53. shell>cd
    
54. shell>tar -zxf zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
    
55. shell>cd zlib-1.2.3
    
56. shell>./configure
    
57. shell>make
    
58. shell>sudo make install
    
59. 
    
60. 5.libpng
    
61. 
    
62. shell>cd
    
63. shell>tar -zxf libpng-1.2.8-config.tar.gz
    
64. shell>cd zlib-1.2.8
    
65. shell>./configure
    
66. shell>make
    
67. #shell>make test
    
68. shell>sudo make install
    
69. 
    
70. 6.gd2
    
71. 
    
72. shell>cd
    
73. shell>tar -xjf gd-2.0.35.tar.bz2
    
74. shell>cd gd-2.0.35/
    
75. shell>./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2
    
76. shell>make
    
77. shell>sudo make install
    
78. 
    
79. 7.mysql
    
80. 
    
81. shell>cd
    
82. shell>sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev  
    
83. 
    
84. shell>sudo groupadd mysql
    
85. shell>sudo useradd -g mysql mysql
    
86. 
    
87. shell>tar -zxf mysql-5.1.41-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
    
88. shell>sudo cp -r mysql-5.1.41-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/mysql
    
89. shell>cd /usr/local/mysql
    
90. 
    
91. #（下面两个命令应该是源码分发版要用到的 放在这作为源码安装流程参考）
    
92. #shell>make
    
93. #shell>sudo make install
    
94. 
    
95. shell>sudo scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
    
96. shell>sudo chown -R root  .   （命令最后有个 '.'）
    
97. shell>sudo chown -R mysql data
    
98. shell>sudo chgrp -R mysql .   （命令最后有个 '.'）
    
99. shell>sudo cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
    
100. 
     
101. #（改密码是重要的一步，不过我是新手，对命令还不熟悉，Pass先，原文命令作为参考,不保证完全正确）
     
102. 
     
103. #shell>sudo bin/mysqld_safe & （这个应该是启动服务器）
     
104. #shell>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'（改root密码）
     
105. 
     
106. 8.php
     
107. 
     
108. shell>cd
     
109. #安装php的时候，系统默认缺少两个组件
     
110. 
     
111. #shell>sudo apt-get install flex
     
112. #shell>sudo apt-get install libxml2 libxml2-dev
     
113. 
     
114. shell>tar -xjf php-5.3.1.tar.bz2
     
115. shell>cd php-5.3.1
     
116. 
     
117. shell>./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-gd=/usr/local/gd2 --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-libxml-dir=/usr/include/libxml2/libxml
     
118. #（这个参数 '--with-libxml-dir=/usr/include/libxml2/libxml' 是我自己试着加的，原文写的是 --with-xml 配置后会提示这个是未知的参数，看了帮助信息，好像xml默认是允许状态——因为只有一个xml的参数 '--disable-xml' 但我看很多教程都强调要配置（lib）xml 我也不敢省略。帮助信息中有 '--with-libxml-dir=[DIR]' 我就把这个换上去了，后面的路径是在软件包管理器中找的，不知道对不对，不过配置过程中没提示出错。）
     
119. 
     
120. shell>make
     
121. shell>sudo make install
     
122. shell>sudo cp php.ini-development /usr/local/lib/php.ini
     
123. 
     
124. 9.config apche
     
125. 
     
126. #记得备份httpd.conf
     
127. shell>sudo cp /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf.bak
     
128. 
     
129. #（我还不知道是不是全部安装成功，很多的配置步骤就先Pass了，不过还是大致看了看，在httpd.conf中试着加了几条。以下基本是原文）
     
130. #shell>vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
     
131. AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml
     
132. AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
     
133. 
     
134. #apache里还有一些参数需要修改
     
135. #ServerName 如果不修改这项，启动apache的时候，会报错
     
136. #DocumentRoot 改成你希望指定的主目录
     
137. #IfModule dir_module 在这里加上你希望作为默认首页的文件，我加了index.htm index.php，中间打个空格就可以了
     
138. 
     
139. #如果你想启动apache支持shtml格式，可以这样操作
     
140. #找到下面这样一段文字
     
141. #This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.
     
142. #把<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs">改成你的主目录,然后在这里加入Includes，注意区分大小写，因为我不希望有人能看到我的目录结构，所以把Index去掉了
     
143. #Options FollowSymLinks Includes
     
144. #完成这部以后，查找这两行，把前面的#去掉
     
145. AddType text/html .shtml
     
146. AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
     
147. 
     
148. 10.php config
     
149. 
     
150. #shell>vi /usr/local/lib/php.ini
     
151. #register-golbals = On
     
152. 
     
153. ########################################
     
154. #（要不要装下面这个我还不太确定）
     
155. ########################################
     
156. 
     
157. 11.ZendOptimizer
     
158. 
     
159. shell>tar -zxf ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz
     
160. shell>cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-linux-glibc21-i386
     
161. shell>sudo ./install
     
162. 
     
163. #一路按回车键就可以了
     
164. 
     
165. #（最后会提示：
     
166. Installation has detected PHP version 5.3.1. This version is not compatible with the Zend Optimizer 3.3.0a.  The installation process will continue but in order for the Zend Optimizer to load you must switch to a compatible PHP version. For a detailed compatibility table please refer to http://www.zend.com/store/products/product_compatibility.php
     
167. 大致是Zend Optimizer3.3的优化与PHP5.3.1不兼容，安装会继续，但想应用Zend Optimizer的优化功能，需要换到兼容版本的PHP--也就是需要降级的意思）
     
168. 
     
169. #########################################################################
     
170. 流程结束
     

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--  END --
Have a nice day !!

看了看PHP5新的手册，里面建议在httpd.conf中使用下面的代码，后面摘抄过来一部分，仅供参考。

1. 
   
2. <FilesMatch \.php$>
   
3.     SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
   
4. </FilesMatch>
   
5. 
   
6. <FilesMatch "\.ph(p[2-6]?|tml)$">
   
7.     SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
   
8. </FilesMatch>
   
9. 
   
10. <FilesMatch "\.(php*|phtm|phtml|asp|aspx)$">
    
11.     SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
    
12. </FilesMatch>
    
13. 
    
14. <FilesMatch "\.phps$">
    
15.     SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
    
16. </FilesMatch>
    
17. 
    
18. <FilesMatch "\.(php*|phtm|phtml|asp|aspx)$">
    
19.     SetHandler none
    
20. </FilesMatch>
    
21. 
    
22.     AddType application/x-httpd-php-custom .php
    
23.     Action  application/x-httpd-php-custom  /cgi-bin/php-huge
    
24. 
    
25. <FilesMatch "\.(php)$">
    
26.     SetHandler none
    
27. </FilesMatch>
    
28. 
    
29.     AddType application/x-httpd-php-custom .php
    
30.     Action  application/x-httpd-php-custom  /cgi-bin/php-huge
    
31. 
    
32. #下面是从手册上面拷过来的相关信息，英文不好，只看了个大概：
    
33. Setup your php.ini
    
34. 
    
35. cp php.ini-development /usr/local/lib/php.ini
    
36. 
    
37. You may edit your .ini file to set PHP options. If you prefer having php.ini in another location, use --with-config-file-path=/some/path in step 5.
    
38. 
    
39. If you instead choose php.ini-production, be certain to read the list of changes within, as they affect how PHP behaves.
    
40. #
    
41. 
    
42. Edit your httpd.conf to load the PHP module. The path on the right hand side of the LoadModule statement must point to the path of the PHP module on your system. The make install from above may have already added this for you, but be sure to check.
    
43. 
    
44. LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so
    
45. 
    
46. #
    
47. 
    
48. Tell Apache to parse certain extensions as PHP. For example, let's have Apache parse .php files as PHP. Instead of only using the Apache AddType directive, we want to avoid potentially dangerous uploads and created files such as exploit.php.jpg from being executed as PHP. Using this example, you could have any extension(s) parse as PHP by simply adding them. We'll add .php to demonstrate.
    
49. 
    
50. <FilesMatch \.php$>
    
51.     SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
    
52. </FilesMatch>
    
53. 
    
54. Or, if we wanted to allow .php, .php2, .php3, .php4, .php5, .php6, and .phtml files to be executed as PHP, but nothing else, we'd use this:
    
55. 
    
56. <FilesMatch "\.ph(p[2-6]?|tml)$">
    
57.     SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
    
58. </FilesMatch>
    
59. 
    
60. And to allow .phps files to be handled by the php source filter, and displayed as syntax-highlighted source code, use this:
    
61. 
    
62. <FilesMatch "\.phps$">
    
63.     SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
    
64. </FilesMatch>
    
65. 
    
66. mod_rewrite may be used To allow any arbitrary .php file to be displayed as syntax-highlighted source code, without having to rename or copy it to a .phps file:
    
67. 
    
68. RewriteEngine On
    
69. RewriteRule (.*\.php)s$ $1 [H=application/x-httpd-php-source]
    
70. 
    
71. The php source filter should not be enabled on production systems, where it may expose confidential or otherwise sensitive information embedded in source code.
    
72. ...  ...  ...
    
73. 
    
74. When I upgrade to apache 2.2, this:
    
75. 
    
76. AddType application/x-httpd-php .php5
    
77. AddType application/x-httpd-php .php42
    
78. AddType application/x-httpd-php .php4
    
79. AddType application/x-httpd-php .php3
    
80. AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
    
81. AddType application/x-httpd-php .phtm
    
82. AddType application/x-httpd-php .phtml
    
83. AddType application/x-httpd-php .asp
    
84. 
    
85. ...does not worked for me, so I did this:
    
86. 
    
87. <FilesMatch "\.(php*|phtm|phtml|asp|aspx)$">
    
88. SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
    
89. </FilesMatch>
    
90. 
    
91. Another interesting point with Apache 2.2 is following.
    
92. Let suppose we installed PHP as module. But for some directory, we need to use PHP as CGI (probably because of custom configuration). This can be done using:
    
93. 
    
94. <FilesMatch "\.(php*|phtm|phtml|asp|aspx)$">
    
95. SetHandler none
    
96. </FilesMatch>
    
97. 
    
98. AddType application/x-httpd-php-custom .php
    
99. Action  application/x-httpd-php-custom  /cgi-bin/php-huge
    
100. 
     
101. Note type must be different than "application/x-httpd-php" and also you need to deactivate the handler on sertain extention. You can do mixed configuration:
     
102. 
     
103. <FilesMatch "\.(php)$">
     
104. SetHandler none
     
105. </FilesMatch>
     
106. 
     
107. AddType application/x-httpd-php-custom .php
     
108. Action  application/x-httpd-php-custom  /cgi-bin/php-huge
     
109. 
     
110. in such case files like *.php5 and so on will be parsed via module, but *.php will go to php-huge executable.
     

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这个是安装完MYSQL 后的提示信息，里面有一些建议，如何改密码之类的：
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
./bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd . ; ./bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd ./mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the ./bin/mysqlbug script!

The latest information about MySQL is available at http://www.mysql.com/
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses from http://shop.mysql.com/