ALTER DATABASE db_name [[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name][[DEFAULT] COLLATE collation_name]
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对于数据库:
CREATE DATABASE db_name DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
对于表:
CREATE TABLE tbl_name (column_list)[DEFAULT CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name]]
ALTER TABLE tbl_name[DEFAULT CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]