[原创]安装FREEBSD 5.2的几点体会

安装FREEBSD 5.2的几点体会

原计划今天给新的SERVER安装好FREEBSD 5.2﹐以便尽上架﹐但是﹐今天在安装时﹐遇到几个问题﹐及安装过程中的体会﹐现在写下来﹐以供日后参考﹕

1﹑在分区时﹐我的分区如下﹕

/    512M

SWAP 2048M

/var  10240M

/tmp  1024M

/usr  10200M

余下的放用户数据。

但是这样子分区后﹐安装可以成功完成﹐进入系统后会显示错误﹐提示分区有问题﹐我测试过5遍﹐才找到原因﹐可能是/根分区不能使用512M这么大﹐因为我只使用256M时﹐一切都是很正常的。

2﹑在安装过程中﹐FREEBSD 5.2不象以前FREEBSD 4.X会自动安装好SSHD服务﹐而是会询问你是否自动启动SSHD服务﹐请一定选择"是"﹐否则安装好后无法通过SSH连入管理。

3﹑因为ports软件更新没有OS更新这么快﹐所以我们很多软件都还要FREEBSD 4.X的相关库文件支持﹐所以在安装时务必选择上compat 4.x﹐就是说和FREEBSD 4.X兼容﹐否则连ZEND等软件都无法安装。

4﹑在make.conf文件里面﹐如果配置了编译优化参数o3﹐将可能导致不能成功编译内核。我以前都加了下面这一段优化参数﹕

CPUTYPE=i686
CFLAGS= -O3 -pipe
COPTFLAGS= -O3 -pipe

结果是始终无法成功编译内核﹐我还以为是FREEBSD 5.2的内核有问题呢﹖

5﹑内核中添加防火墙时﹐因为和FREEBSD 4.X内核有所改动﹐在编译IPFW时﹐不能加入下面的话﹐系统会提示你的﹕

options ICMP_BANDLIM

否则将无法成功编译内核。

6﹑不要试着用S-ATA硬盘在FREEBSD 5.X下安装﹐我尝试过﹐它一直想找DMA和中断号﹐但这些东西却是S-ATA硬盘所不具备的﹐所以导致无法安装。

7﹑其它倒没有什么。好象FREEBSD 5.X对HT的支持的确比FREEBSD 4.X要进步很多了﹐其效率和负载均衡方面﹐显得不错的。

8、在安装某些软件时，如果出现：

/usr/libexec/ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libc.so.4" not found

的错误提示，那么说明你的系统没有安装compat4x，可以按下面的步骤解决问题：

cd /usr/ports/misc/compat4x/

make install

然后再回头去执行安装即可顺利安装成功...

服务器上还是用 4.8 9 版本的 这两个版本稳定了

现在cvsup 没有更新了

FREEBSD 4.X的STABLE版本是 4.9的

不错不错！！

New Features
A large attraction of FreeBSD 5.X is a number of new features. These new features and functionality generally involve large architectural changes that were not feasible to port back to the FreeBSD 4-STABLE development branch. (By contrast, many self-contained enhancements, such as new device drivers or userland utilities, have already been ported.) A brief, but not exhaustive list includes:

SMPng: The ``next generation'' support for SMP machines (work in progress). Ongoing work aims to perform fine-grained locking of various kernel subsystems to increase the number of threads of execution that can be running in the kernel. More information can be found on the FreeBSD SMP Project page.

KSE: Kernel Scheduled Entities allow a single process to have multiple kernel-level threads, similar to Scheduler Activations. The libkse and libthr threading libraries make this feature available to multi-threaded userland programs, using the pthread(3) API.

New architectures: Support for the sparc64, ia64, and amd64 architectures, in addition to the i386, pc98, and alpha.

GCC: The compiler toolchain is now based on GCC 3.3.X, rather than GCC 2.95.X.

MAC: Support for extensible, loadable Mandatory Access Control policies.

GEOM: A flexible framework for transformations of disk I/O requests. The GBDE experimental disk encryption facility has been developed based on GEOM.

FFS: The FFS filesystem now supports background fsck(8) operations (for faster crash recovery) and filesystem snapshots.

UFS2: A new UFS2 on-disk format has been added, which supports extended per-file attributes and larger file sizes. UFS2 is now the default format for newfs(8). On all platforms except for pc98, filesystems created from within sysinstall(8) will use UFS2 by default.

Cardbus: Support for Cardbus devices.

Bluetooth: Support for Bluetooth devices.

A more comprehensive list of new features can be found in the release notes for the various FreeBSD 5.X releases.

http://www.freebsd.org/smp/

我想如果FREEBSD STABLE出來后﹐將更加穩定及對SMP支持更好﹐到時候可能會暫時領先于LINUX對HT的支持~~

正好我也想给自己的机器安装5.2，看了你的文章少走了不少的弯路

Linux的HT支持在2.4一直是个问题(2.4.20还认识到2.4.22竟然不认识等等)

在2.6里提高了30%的效率,应该也不会差,就是2.6现在BUG多了些...

我一直以為﹐Linux對于HT的支持﹐一直好過FREEBSD 4.X的~~
但FREEBSD 5.X還沒有出STABLE版﹐我看了它的project﹐還有好多功能沒有實現呀~~
希望BSD 5快出來stable版就好很多了~~